Discuss the Status of Foreign Claims Essay

1. Talk about the status of outside cases and assets in the trans-Mississippi West from 1811 to 1840. Follow the advancement of American interests in the area during this period. Between the years 1811 to 1840, Americans had moved into the trans-Mississippi West so as to get characterized limits with Canada and Mexico; additionally, they went westbound to gain the western edge of the mainland. Business objectives energized early enthusiasm as merchants firs looked for beaver skins in Oregon region as right on time as 1811 and afterward buffalo robes arranged by the Plains clans in the zone around the upper Missouri River and its tributaries. A large number of the men in the hide business wedded Indian ladies, accordingly making important associations with Indian clans engaged with catching. In the Southwest, the breakdown of the Spanish Empire gave American merchants an open door they had since a long time ago looked for. Their financial movement arranged the route for military triumph. Toward the south, land for cotton instead of exchange or preacher intensity pulled in pilgrims and vagrants during the 1820s at the very time that the Tejano populace of 2,000 was changing in accordance with Mexican autonomy. On the Pacific, a couple of New England dealers conveying ocean otter skins to China tied down in the harbors of Spanish California in the mid nineteenth century. By the 1830s, as the close to annihilation of the creatures destroyed this exchange, a business dependent on California cowhides and fat created. New England ships brought garments, boots, equipment, and furniture produced in the East to trade for conceals gathered from nearby farmers. Among the most punctual easterners to settle in the trans-Mississippi West were clans from the South and the Old Northwest whom the American government persuasively moved in the present-day Oklahoma and Kansas. 2. Legitimize American westbound development during the 1840s. American extension was because of the quick populace development, propels in transportation, correspondence, and the supporting thought of national prevalence, known as Manifest Destiny. This feeling of uniqueness and strategic a heritage of early Puritan utopianism and Revolutionary republicanism. By the 1840s, the effective assimilation of the Louisiana Territory likewise added to the American development towards the best. Marketing experts of Manifest Destiny announced that the country not exclusively could however should retain new domains. This Manifest Destiny, the trademark where they used to legitimize this extension, was started by John L. O’Sullivan. He communicated the conviction that the country’s prevalent foundations and culture gave Americans a natural right, even a commitment, to spread their human progress over the whole landmass. 3. From 1823 to 1845, Texas developed from a meagerly settled district of northern Mexico to a free republic to a state in the American Union. Examine the purposes behind and the significant occasions of this change. Texas had the option to isolate from Mexico into the American Union by longing for their own autonomy, winning the fight at San Jacinto, and their new republic they had the option to make. It started in 1823, when the Mexican government made plans to fortify outskirt territories by expanding populace. To draw in pilgrims, it offered land as an end-result of token installments and vows to become Roman Catholics and Mexican residents. In 1829, the Mexican government modified its Texas approach. Resolved to control American impact, the legislature nullified servitude in Texas in 1830 and prohibited further migration from the United States. Authorities started to gather customs obligations on products crossing the Louisiana outskirt; hoowever, minimal changed in Texas. American slave proprietors liberated their slaves and afterward constrained them to sign life arrangement contracts. Displaced people despite everything crossed the outskirt and dwarfed Mexicans. With the triumph at San Jacinto, Texas picked up its freedom. The new republic began shakily, monetarily temperamental, and unrecognized by its foes. For the following barely any years, the Lone Star Republic drove an unsafe presence. 4. Examine President Polk’s activities in taking care of the Oregon question. Was Polk karma or keen in accomplishing a serene trade off with Britain? Polk was not ready to do battle with Great Britain for Oregon, so he withdrawed his proposal, while he made more challenges and muddled the goals, and accomplished a tranquil trade off by sheer karma. Polk started by setting out the American position that settlement conveyed the assumption of ownership. Polk perceived the truth that Americans has not faltered to settle the contested regions. His flashy stance and extensive American cases entangled the conflict’s goals. He offered a trade off to Great Britain, yet in a tone that threatened the British. Conversations about Oregon involved Congress for month. Discussion progressively uncovered profound divisions about Oregon and the chance of war with Great Britain. Polk made the irregular stride of sending this proposition to the Senate for a starter reaction. Getting away from a portion of the duty regarding withdrawing from mottos by offering it to the Senate, Polk finished the emergency only half a month prior to the affirmation of war with Mexico. 5. What drove such a significant number of Americans to sell a large portion of their ownership and set out on an obscure future a great many miles away in Oregon or California during the 1840s? The terrains east of the Mississippi started to top off, and American naturally approached recognizable plans to legitimize extension; they moved west for additional grounds to settle and greater chance. Americans lost brief period in moving into the new domains. During the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, a large number of Americans left their homes for the West. By 1860, California alone had 3800,000 pilgrims. Simultaneously, a huge number of Chinese traveled south and east to goals like North and South America to get away from the opium wars during the 1840s with Great Britain, interior turmoil, and poor financial conditions. Most who came to California considered it the â€Å"Gold Mountain. † Most of the displaced people who set out toward the Far West, where bondage was restricted, were white and American-conceived. They originated from the Midwest and Upper South. They had totally different courses to showing up West, however they all had a similar goal, to arrive at the wealth and the better chances to live. 6. Complexity the various lives and assignments face by pioneers on the rural, mining, and urban wildernesses in the West of the 1840s and 1850s. As opposed to the horticultural settlements, where early inhabitants were segregated and the network extended step by step, the revelation of gold or silver prodded quick, if normally fleeting, development. Mining camps, unsteady and frequently hurriedly developed, before long housed hundreds or even a large number of excavators and individuals serving them. Shippers, cantina managers, cooks, pharmacists, card sharks, and whores rushed into blast territories as quick as miners. For the most part, about a large portion of the inhabitants of any mining camp were there to prospect the excavators instead of the mines. Given the inspiration, character, and ethnic assorted variety of those rushing to blast towns and the weak endeavors to set up nearby government in what were seen as transitory networks, it was not really amazing that mining life was regularly dislocated. In the event that mining life was generally not this fierce, it endured conduct inadmissible farther east. Diggers were making an effort not to re-make eastern networks however to get rich. 7. Displaced people going through Utah experienced a Mormon society that appeared â€Å"familiar and efficient, yet outside and stunning. † Explain The guests had the option to relate and respect the appealingly laid of town with water system and clean houses, yet as they noticed the correct idea of regular day to day existence, they tattled about polygamy and looked for indications of disobedience in the essences of Mormon ladies. Exiled people who contradicted servitude were enamored with contrasting the Mormon spouse with the dark slave. They were stunned that scarcely any Mormon ladies appeared to be keen on getting away from the obligations of plural marriage. Non-Mormon migrants going through Utah discovered a lot of that was conspicuous. The legislature had recognizable qualities. Most Mormons were ranchers; a considerable lot of them came initially from New England and the Midwest and shared standard traditions and perspectives. Be that as it may, untouchables additionally saw significant contrasts, for the core of Mormon society was not the individual rancher on his own property but rather the helpful town. 8. Portray the way of life and political association of the Plains Indians. Talk about how and why their relationship with white Americans transformed from the 1840s to 1851. White American initially interacted with this Plains clans, and saw that their way of life varied from that of the various Indian clans. This standard experience on the overland path focuses to the social and social contrasts isolating white Americans moving west and the local people groups with whom they came in contact. Certain of their qualities and rights, migrants had little respect for the individuals who had lived in the West for quite a long time and no remorse in holding onto their properties. The Plains clans were comparable in different clans in light of the fact that the had embraced an itinerant lifestyle after the presentation of Spanish ponies in the sixteenth century. Portability additionally expanded innate contact and strife. Also, war had a focal influence in the lives of the Plains clans. This example of contention on the Plains debilitated political solidarity. Be that as it may, they had marked no arrangements with the United States and had scarcely any amicable sentiments toward whites. Their contact with white society had gotten increases through exchange skins, however the exchange had likewise presented liquor and dangerous pandemics of smallpox and red fever. 9. Compose a concise review of American westbound development from 1820 to 1860 from the Mexican perspective. For regular workers Hispanic Americans, who became workers for Anglo ranchers or mining or railroad organizations, we earned

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture Essay

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture - Essay Example Consequently, authoritative condition has been isolated into three areas: general condition, task condition and inside condition. The first of them alludes to factors that are probably going to affect the association as a market’s unit, with respect to example mechanical and socio-social components. Undertaking condition alludes to factors impacting the organization’s day by day activities; clients and providers are components of such kind. With respect to the organization’s inward condition, this alludes to factors, which are identified with the organization’s inside limits, which means factors, for example, workers and culture (Caterpillar, contextual investigation). Changing authoritative structure can be a difficult assignment for the most part since all pieces of hierarchical structure should be changed. On the off chance that a change effectively happens, this reality can be made known to the administration in the accompanying manner: no issues show up in the organization’s day by day tasks, particularly with respect to the zones where change was advanced. The authoritative culture can incorporate a progression of components, for example, images, services and stories; in Caterpillar, the above components have been set as worth trademarks (Caterpillar, contextual investigation). In addition, hierarchical culture can set the principles on which organization’s plans are based; reference is made especially to the plans that direct representative relations over the association. In Caterpillar, authoritative culture additionally alludes to understandings, convictions and standards; the above components are described as shared qualities and characterize the social system of (Caterpillar, contextual analysis). As per the contextual investigation, versatility and association are key attributes of Caterpillar’s culture, guaranteeing adaptability and worker interest in authoritative plans. In Caterpillar corporate culture is of basic worth; instructing

The Top Signs You Are Part of a Ponzi Scheme

The Top Signs You Are Part of a Ponzi Scheme If you are into reading news, there’s one frequently appearing sure to catch your eyes: Ponzi scheme. If you’re unlucky, you’ve probably invested in one too.At times, Ponzi schemes can be worth more than US$50 billion.What makes a point to schemes really problematic is that they are very difficult to decipher.Since in a robust economy Ponzi scheme can actually yield some returns, they may be difficult to spot.Some of them also have invested funds continue to flow in, and you may get the impression that you were earning some money out of it.It’s exactly what happened during the 2008 position. Many Ponzi schemes lapsed then as many as hundred and 117 in 2009 alone.The fact that the average Ponzi scheme is worth nearly $600 million is a worrying trend indeed.WHAT IS A PONZI SCHEME?Ponzi scheme is basically an investment fraud where funds collected from new investors are used to pay the returns of existing investors.It’s been in the news for decades.The signs are clear. Yet, t housands of people fall prey to this scheme every year.These schemes come in all types and can affect anyone- from a young student to an experienced businessman.Idle money is a waste. You invest your money so that it offers you more in return.But what if the money we invested doesn’t bring any return? Are we stuck in a loop with no legit income coming our way?As devastating as that sounds, these are the consequences of investing in a Ponzi scheme.But do not worry.There are some clear telltale signs that you have invested in a Ponzi scheme and we are going to help you understand how a Ponzi scheme works and how to recognize these signsHISTORY OF PONZI SCHEMESPonzi scheme is named after Charles Ponzi who emigrated to the USA in 1903 from Italy.He wasn’t exactly the first to start this, but definitely the first to garner worldwide attention.After trying his hands in a few unsuccessful jobs, Ponzi decided he needed to find a way to make quick cash.The postal service at that time (an d even now in few places) issued international reply coupons which could be redeemed by the receiver at their local post office.Because of currency fluctuation in any two countries, generally, the postage was more expensive in one country than the other.Charles hired numerous agents to purchase these coupons at a lower rate and then send to him where he would exchange them for stamps which were costlier and then sell these stamps for profit.Riding on the success of this business later he started a company where he promised his investors to return of 100% in 90 days and 50% in 45 days.But Ponzi was not investing the money; he was just shifting it from one investor to another.This scheme was such a huge success that he managed to earn $4,20,000 by May 1920 ( about $6 million in today’s money).This cheating was brought to light by the newspaper Boston Post, and it led to arrest of Charles Ponzi in 1920.But Ponzi wasn’t the last one to defraud his investors this way.During 1996-97 i n Albania, several lending institutions boomed in succession which was running under the same scheme.At one time, these institutions were claiming to give 19% monthly interest to their investors.Later, two such major institutions filed for bankruptcy, and this led to others following suit.People started rioting on the streets, the government failed to control the situation, and there was utter chaos in the country for a long time.Another popular Ponzi scheme was Bernie Madoff who under the farce of his investment firm, Madoff Investment securities, ran this scheme.In 2008 during the economic crisis, people started to ask for their money back.This was when he admitted the fraud to his sons who reported him to the authorities.Madoff admitted to the investigators that he lost $50 billion of investors funds. The court sentenced Bernie Madoff to 150 years of prison.HOW DOES A PONZI SCHEME WORK?Ponzi scheme, also known as a pyramid scheme, works on the principle of “Rob Peter to pay Pau l”.These schemes pop up continuously; however, not all are big enough to make it to the news.Even though there are different ways and methods by which they work, the key idea remains the same. You need to find investors who are willing to fund their money to earn returns.It doesn’t matter to them how the investment works.As long as they are getting incredible returns, there isn’t much that matters.After the required fund has been collected, sometimes the schemer can use it to rent office space. This will help in attracting the next batch of investors.With the new funds received, he pays the first batch of investors while keeping a huge portion for himself.This loop continues to work and gets more complicated with time. People usually get suspicious about getting no returns and so have to be paid regularly.This means a new batch of investors has to be added continuously in this scheme.Obviously, there is no happy end to the story.There comes a time when this whole scheme become s too heavy to be carried through, and the schemer is exposed.This happens when the scheme gets saturated, and new members can’t be further added.ARE PONZI AND PYRAMID SCHEME THE SAME?Even though these two are used synonymously, there are few vital differences. In the case of Ponzi scheme, you only will be asked to invest the money.Once the money is collected, you are to sit back and reap the benefits that will occur supposedly.However, in the case of a pyramid scheme, you have to do some work.Either you will be appointed as an organizer to bring in new people or work with the schemer to expand his business.The difference between pyramid and Ponzi scheme is very subtle.But you must remember that even though some of the pyramid schemes are legal, Ponzi schemes are always illegal.You can call a Ponzi scheme as a fraudulent investment business whereas a pyramid scheme is a multi-level marketing business that might or not be fraudulent.SIGNS THAT YOU ARE PART OF A PONZI SCHEMEWe all l ove a good scheme. It’s something that offers security and increases our wealth while securing our future. And when you find one, you just want to grab the opportunity.Usually, that’s how it starts.They say the opportunity is “limited”. If you do not available it, someone else will.And it’s hard to let go, isn’t it?But everything that shines isn’t gold, and many people have learnt this the hard way.Even though very subtle, some quite clear signs indicate you are a part of a Ponzi scheme.They Will Offer You High Return with No or Very Less RiskLet’s be honest; there is no shortcut to being rich.Every legit investment in this world carries some degree of risk and investments that boast of higher returns, comes with higher risk attached.This is the rule; there is no other rule.Lottery tickets offer a great reward, but there is also big risk attached to them.Government bonds come with low risk, but the returns are low as well. It is important to remember that if any busi ness “guarantees” high return, you need to be cautious.High return is used as a tool by schemers in Ponzi scheme to lure in the unsuspecting investors.This return sounds too good to be true, and they really are, but the possibility of getting rich by without even doing the bare minimum is what attracts the people.For example, take the recent case of a Ponzi scheme in 2016 in China.Chinese law enforcement saw that a company called Ezubao duped investors of $7.6 billion by offering them a return of 15%.Instead, the money was used by the schemers to buy fancy cars and villas.The Returns Will Initially Be Quite ConsistentIf you are promised to get consistent returns by investing in any business, its the time for closer inspection.Unless it is a fixed income scheme, it can’t be offering you with constant returns.The scheme should move in conjunction with the stock market, and that is in no way moving constantly in one direction.Sure, the SP 500 is mainly moving in a positive path.H owever, if you look close, you will notice that the returns over the years have been unpredictable.Any business registered with the SP 500 should behave in the same manner.You should be provided with varying returns, and if that’s the case, you probably invested your money in a Ponzi scheme.The Scheme Isn’t RegisteredWhen you are investing your hard earned money, you need to make sure it is safe in an investment that’s registered with any state regulator or the SEC ( Security exchange commission).Do a background check before parking your money with any business.Check their registration status to verify that they are in fact registered, that no fraudulent complaints have been registered against them.This search can be done easily via the Investment Adviser Public Disclosure provided by SEC or your local securities manager. If they don’t show up in search, think carefully before investing your money with them.According to Lori Schock, director of Office of Investor Education a nd Advocacy of SEC, “Most of the retail-facing fraud that we see is committed by those who are not registered. It is unlicensed people selling unregistered products.You Haven’t Been Provided with Any Valid Documents or PaperworkUsually, Ponzi schemes tend to avoid paperwork or issuing any documents to their investors. You might be asked to fill the registration form online.Then it’s essential that you know how real and valid the website is.Make sure that you fill in your personal details on any website that you aren’t sure of as this might lead to misuse of your data.Ponzi scheme businesses also avoid sending you regular statements which shouldn’t be the case.Also if the statement is provided, they should be simple enough to understand and free of any errors.If something looks fishy or you are having doubts regarding the authenticity of the documents or the website, start asking questions before it gets too late.The Sellers Are Not LicensedApart from the businesses, people from the investment business also need to get licensed or registered by the SEC or the local state authorities.You should verify the same before doing any business with him/her.And it’s not that hard to verify this.All these documents are public records and can be checked online easily or at your local securities administrator office by paying a nominal fee.It is important to note that some people look earnest and talk with some passion; it feels right to believe in them.But you should always be cautious. No matter how much hardworking and honest the person looks, make sure you do the right background checks to verify the same.Their Method of Doing Business is Too ComplexAre you investing in a business whose way of working confuses you?Then look closely, for you may be part of the infamous Ponzi scheme.Businesses that are real and solid works on building the trust of their investors.Everything about them is clear and verifiable. You understand how they work and how you will earn money if you become a part of their venture.But this is the opposite case with Ponzi schemes.They try to keep their businesses as secretive as possible.This is because they don’t want people to know what’s really going on inside. Their strategies would be complicated enough to bewilder any normal person.Also, when inquired with the growth and expansion plans, they are met with vague descriptions.Any information sought is ignored or delayed.Eventually, the person will give up on understanding the same and let go. You shouldn’t be investing in scheme’s that you don’t really understand.High Registration Fees Being ChargedNot only is the rewards big in Ponzi scheme, but the fees charged is also as well.This is because the schemer wants to earn as much money as possible in the shortest amount of time. He doesn’t care about anything else.He knows that he will be exposed one day as this can’t go perpetually, but by that time he will probably escape.When questioned about the e xorbitant fees, he will probably give some vague response or say that it’s mandatory to keep bringing in the high returns promised.If you are being charged more than 2% annual maintenance fees by the business for any scheme, it’s time to reconsider their policy as most of the funds currently charge less than 1%.And when it comes to index funds, this charge is even less and stands somewhere at .25%.You are Having Trouble Receiving the ReturnsSoon, in a Ponzi scheme, you will realize that your returns are not being available when they were promised to.The seller is vague and inconclusive.You dig up information and find out that’s the case with other investors as well. You become suspicious; something isn’t right.You decide that it’s better to play safe and not be a part of it anymore.But any attempt to cash out your money is met with failure. When you want to exit, the seller tries to lure you further with even better returns.This is the surest sign that your money is in dan ger and you have been involved in a Ponzi scheme.As scary as it might sound, it’s time to take the correct actions instead of just waiting for disaster to strike.WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIND OUT YOU ARE A PART OF THE PONZI SCHEME?If you suspect you are a part of the Ponzi scheme, the first step would be trying to get your money back.In a few cases, this might be possible as the schemer wants to give an impression that it’s a legitimate business.Hence he would release some people’s money but not many and never at the same time. It’s better to inform others of your suspicions as well. Don’t disregard your gut instincts.Do not invest any more money unless your doubts have been resolved. You might also consider taking the help of some expert in this field.Keep a Check on your greed and take all the due diligence steps before you go any further with the scheme.Next step would be to report the business to the authorities.This is necessary to prevent innocent people from being victim s of the scheme.You can also sue the schemer for your money. But in most cases, that does little help.By the time the Ponzi scheme is exposed, the schemer has spent most of the money.And the investors get little to none of their money back.It is easy to report any suspicious Ponzi scheme.All you have to do is leave a tip to the FBI on their official website with their registered phone number.You can also make a complaint to the SEC in this regard.Take a look at your finances.WHAT SHOULD YOU DO THEN?If you are looking to invest in a Ponzi scheme because of the returns, you may want to take a look at your finances and your financial habits.Know the 50-30-20 rule of budgeting to be able to do more with your money.1. SearchA great place to start would be the online banks, as they have less overhead. A savings account at American Express or Discover Bank would yield 1%, which is nothing great but five times the national average.Check the options at a local bank. Sometimes you can earn ar ound 2% but everything comes at a price, and for such a rate the bank would make it mandatory to make at least 10 debit card transactions a month.You can check for the best rates to live at money-rates.com/rewardschecking.htm and also visit bankrate.com to make sure that the bank is at least three stars for safety purposes.2. Borrow if NeededThe banks will offer you some competitive offers.For example, In November, the home equity loan dropped to as low as 6.98% and the credit card APR’s at 7%.You should also be advised on the lending rates which are not loosening any soon.3. Don’t Forget to Apply for a Rewards CardAn excellent credit score opens up many offers for you, wherein the sign-up bonuses are increased by 25%. It will be like this for one more year or so, according to nerdwallet.com.You should not wait too long to apply. This is because, after the debit card reforms have been passed, then the legislators will turn to credit cards.There is no such thing as easy money. As lucrative as “guaranteed” high return might sound, it is a sign of big danger hovering over your head. Greed is what leads to the rise of the Ponzi scheme. Not only the investors greed but also the schemers greed.Greed is on both sides, but it is the investor that loses his savings. Low-income individuals who invest all their savings in the hope to get rich would be affected the worst.It always pays to be careful.Being cautious with your initial endeavours can save you a lot of pain afterwards.DEALING WITH A PONZI SCHEMEAuthorities have busted a large number of Ponzi scheme over the years, yet they continue to thrive. The way these schemers operate is uncannily similar, but it still manages to dupe people nevertheless.We would advise you to do thorough research before you decide to invest your money anywhere.The risk is directly proportionate to reward; this is what we were taught since we were kids.The higher the risk, the higher is the reward. Anyone that tries to explain you otherwise is probably lying.

Star Clusters

Star clusters are just what the name says they are: groupings of stars that can include anywhere from a few dozen to hundreds of thousands or even millions of stars! There are two general types of clusters: open and globular.   Open Clusters The open clusters, such as the Beehive in the constellation of Cancer and the Pleiades that grace the sky in Taurus, are groups born in the same area of space but are only  loosely  gravitationally bound together. Eventually, as they travel through the galaxy, these stars  wander apart from each other. Open clusters usually have up to  a thousand or so members, and their  stars are  not more than 10 billion years old. These clusters  are much more likely to be found in the disks of spiral and in irregular galaxies, which contain more star-forming material than older, more evolved elliptical galaxies. The Sun was born in an open cluster that formed about 4.5 billion years ago. As it moved through our rotating galaxy, it left its siblings behind long ago. Globular Clusters Globular clusters are the mega-clusters of the cosmos. They orbit the central core of our galaxy, and their thousands and thousands of  stars are held together by a strong mutual gravity  that creates a sphere or globe of stars. Generally speaking, stars in globulars are among the oldest  in the universe, and they formed early in a galaxy’s history. For example, there are stars in globulars orbiting our galaxys core that were born when the universe (and our galaxy) was quite young.   Why Are Clusters Important to Study? Most stars are born in these big batches within large stellar nurseries.Observing and measuring stars in clusters gives astronomers great insight into the environments in which they formed. Stars born recently often are more metal-rich than those that formed much earlier in history.  Metal-rich means that they contain more elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as carbon and oxygen.  If their birth clouds were rich in certain kinds of elements, then those stars will contain higher amounts of those materials. If the cloud was metal-poor (that is, if had a lot of hydrogen and helium, but very few other elements), then the stars it formed will be metal-poor. Stars in some globular clusters in the Milky Way are quite metal-poor, which indicates they formed when the universe was very young and there hadnt been time to form enough of the heavier elements.   When you look at a star cluster, youre seeing the the basic building blocks of galaxies. Open clusters provide the stellar population of a galaxys disk while the globulars hark back to a time when their galaxies were forming through collisions and interactions. Both stellar populations are clues to the ongoing evolution of their galaxies and of the universe. For stargazers, clusters can be fantastic observation targets. A few well-known open clusters are naked-eye objects.  The Hyades is another choice target, also in Taurus. Other targets include the Double Cluster (an pair of open clusters in Perseus), the Southern Pleiades (near Crux in the Southern Hemisphere), the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (a  fabulous sight in Southern Hemisphere constellation Tucana), and the globular cluster M13 in Hercules (easy to spot with binoculars or a small telescope).

A Study On The Community Health Course - 1187 Words

The Community health Course was the longest course and was taught over the 5 year period in different modules that carried different credit units and different contact hours. The course was divided into 8 modules with a total of 14 credit Units. The modules covered in this course include; Biostatistics and Demography, Environmental Sanitation, Epidemiology, Control of Communicable Diseases, Maternal and Child health , Research Methods, Occupational Health, and Health Services Management module. The Biochemistry and Demography module introduced the basics mathematical models used to study health data. Under this, we covered normal distribution of data and the representation of data on charts and graphs. The Environmental Sanitation module introduces the concept of water and sanitation in the community and the disease that could arise in the community due to poor sanitation and the lack of access to clean water in the community. The module also cover introduce to the student on how wh at can be made safe for the community with a case study of the water plant in Mbarara District. Under the Research Methods module student were introduce to the research concept and types of research methods that are, Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Also, the Occupational health module introduced the student to the history of occupation and the Challenges of the work environment and how work can cause disease. The other Modules were self-tutored module lead by students in different groups.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For Public Health Arena897 Words   |  4 Pagesserve my community in the best way. My dream had come true, and after high school was finished I joined the Damascus Medical School at 2008. My study in the medical school gave me a great opportunity to explore health problems in my community. 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Coca Cola †Organization Management Free Essays

Abstract This paper is about â€Å"Coca-Cola† company which produces and manufactures soft drinks, and this product is well known all around the world for many decades. The materials used to get the information about the company are from the internet, newspaper and the bottle itself. The paper will speak about how the product came to the final result as an output and what does it take to manufacture it. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola – Organization Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION Coca-Cola is the most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history, as well as the best-known product in the world. It is sold in more and more markets, creating thousands of new jobs in the local economies. The brand is owned by The Coca-Cola Company which works with franchisees across the world. These franchisees perform the bottling and canning operations and are also known as packagers. This paper will discuss the following: * What are the stages of manufacturing? * How does the company guarantee the quality of the products to reach customers satisfaction? * What are the steps after guaranteeing the product so that the product to be introduced to the markets? * Conclusion * Important keywords – Stages of manufacturing -Transforming resources Coca-Cola’s bottlers and canners are concerned with a range of processes involved in transforming resources into the bottles and cans of drink that we are familiar with. There is a difference between transforming resources and transformed resources: * The transforming resources are the managers, employees, machinery and equipment used by The Coca-Cola Company and its franchisees. * The transformed resources are the materials (the cans, bottles, liquids, etc. ) and the information which are processed to create the finished product. Manufacturing Coca-Cola Primarily, Coca-Cola is manufactured by franchisees who are the world’s leading bottling and canning companies. This franchise business is strictly controlled by The Coca-Cola Company. Soft drinks manufacture is a competitive business. Manufacturing techniques are continually improved. This helps meet the highest quality standards for its products using the most cost effective production techniques. For example, very small changes in the shape of the can could save a canning factory millions of dollars in production costs. The production of Coca-Cola involves two major operations: Creating the packaging material * Bottling and canning the finished drink. -Packaging For many years, Coca-Cola was produced in glass bottles. Because of the high cost of distributing b ulky bottles, they had to be manufactured close to where the bottling took place. Today, this is no longer so important since new packaging methods have revolutionized the process. Advanced bottling and canning technology makes Coca-Cola cans and bottles very light but extremely strong. The Company has invested a lot of time and money in research and development to ensure the most effective life cycle impact of its packaging. By using the minimum quantities of materials in packaging, the cans and plastic bottles are simple to crush or to reprocess at the end of the initial life cycle. -Preparing to fill cans Cans are delivered in bulk to a canning plant. At this stage the cans are shaped like an open cup ready to receive the liquid drink. They are not fully formed because the ring pull end has still to be fitted. After they have been inspected to check that there are no faults, each can goes through a rinsing machine to make sure it is clean and ready for filling. Preparing the drink Coca-Cola consists of a concentrated beverage base and a liquid sweetener which are combined to form the syrup from which the drink is made. The Company ships the concentrate to bottling and canning plants where the franchisees mix it with sugar and local water. The water is passed through a number of filters to make sure it is absolutely pure. Carbon dioxide, which makes it fizzy, is also delivered to the canning plant where it is stored and then piped into the manufacturing process through a carbonator and cooler. The Company specifies what equipment franchisees will use to carry out these processes. Samples are taken regularly for chemical analysis, and staff makes frequent spot checks to ensure that plants are maintaining the Company’s standards of cleanliness and quality. The Company provides its franchisees with the most up-to-date technology available and many of them use the latest computer technology and statistical process control methods. -Filling the cans The packaging and the finished drink are combined by a rapid filling process. Every minute hundreds of cans pass along an automated production line and are filled with a precise amount of Coca-Cola. As the cans move along the production line, they are seamed to include the ring pull end and produce the finished can. The ends are inspected to make sure they are smooth and do not have any gaps or leaks. An individual code is stamped on the cans so that each one can be traced back to the point and time of production. A date code ensures product freshness. Cans now look like those you will see in the shops. – Guaranteeing the quality of the product The manufacture of Coca-Cola is carried out by a set of processes called continuous flow production. On a production line, a process is continually repeated and identical products go through the same sequence of operations. Continuous flow production takes this one step further by using computer-controlled automatic equipment to produce goods 24 hours a day. The Company and its franchisees use Total Quality Manag ement procedures that encourage everyone in the plant to think about quality in every-thing they do. Every employee sets out to satisfy customers and places them at the heart of the production process. By continually seeking to improve every aspect of production, employees are able to eliminate problems. Throughout the production process, quality control personnel monitor the product and take test samples. Guarantee that there are no errors; quality control inspectors take statistically selected samples at the end of the production line. Using chemical analysis, these inspectors can guarantee that the product meets the exact specifications; they also check that there are no faults in the packaging. A ‘fill height detector’ uses an electronic eye to ensure that the cans are filled to the right quantity. Cans that are not properly filled are rejected. 3- Introducing the product to the markets Packing the end product into cases The canners then prepare the cans for distribution to retailers such as super-markets, shops and garages. A machine called a case former creates the casing that protects the cans as they are sorted onto pallets. The cans are stored temporarily in a warehouse before they are collected by large distribution trucks. Bottling Coca-Cola So far this case study has focused on the canning process for Coca-Cola. The bottling process, whether in glass or PET (plastic), is very similar. Each plastic bottle starts as test-tube size is blown up like a balloon into the final bottle shape. Whereas franchisees receive cans that already have the logo and any promotional details on them, bottlers apply the labels from large reels once the bottles have been formed. At the end of the bottling line, bottles are automatically sealed with a cap immediately after they have been filled. Just-in-time Canners and bottlers process vast quantities of materials each week. Receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products involves a complex sequence of actions. The ideal solution is to make sure that the inputs for the process arrive ‘just-in-time’ so they can be transformed into a finished product ready for transportation ‘just-in-time’ to meet the needs of the retailers. At modern canning plants, the cans maker is often located in an adjoining facility, with delivery through a ‘Hole in the wall’ operation. The packagers are involved created supply chain networks with the supermarket chains and other outlets ensure that this process runs smoothly. Canners and bottlers must ensure that they do not build up large stockpiles of cans waiting to be sold but they must also make sure that deliveries are not late. This is where they benefit from advanced information technology that rapidly relays figures about the demand for Coca-Cola. For example, this demand usually rises in periods of hotter weather so the packagers need to plan increased production. Canners and bottlers work closely with The Coca-Cola Company and other suppliers to provide a smooth running supply chain so that consumers are always within ‘an arm’s reach of desire’ and can always buy a drink when they want one. Performance feedback to canners and bottlers In addition to each canner or bottler’s own quality assurance procedures, sample bottles and cans from each market are tested regularly by The Coca-Cola Company. The results are then reported back to the packagers. This feedback helps The Coca-Cola Company and the franchisee to work together and identify opportunities for improvement. Franchisees undergo constant training and retraining in quality assurance, and can always ask for help and advice about ongoing improvement. 4- Conclusion To produce the world’s best known product, The Coca-Cola Company has to employ the highest quality processes and establish standards which guarantee the production of a standardized product which meets consumers’ high expectations each and every time they drink a bottle or can of Coca-Cola. In order to guarantee these standards the Company has had to develop a close relationship with its franchisees based on a mutual concern for quality. Total Quality management lies at the heart of this process involving a continuous emphasis on getting quality standards right every time and on continually seeking new ways to improve performance. – Keywords Continuous flow production: An ongoing twenty-four hour production cycle in which partly finished and finished products pass along a production line. Cost effective: It’s an approach that minimizes or significantly reduces the cost of operations. Franchisee: An individual (Or organization) that is licensed to produce a nd/or sell a named product in a given area, in return for a fee, a share of the profits or sales. Global brand: A product that is recognizable across the world by its logo, packaging or distinctive trade mark. Inputs: They are Materials and labor that go into a production process. Just-in-time: Supplies for manufacturing processes are received just as they are needed, and the end product reaches the consumer just when it is wanted. ‘Just-in-time’ reduces the need to carry large stocks of materials or finished goods helping cash flow. Life cycle impact: Examining the impact of a product from the point at which the raw materials start to be produced and assembled, through the manufacturing process, right up to the time at which the consumer finally disposes of the packaging of the product. Operations: The processes involved in the production of a product, such as filling a can, checking that the can is sufficiently filled, etc. Outputs: Goods and services that are produced once raw materials have gone through a transformation process. Performance feedback: It’s about providing information on the success of performances so that improvements can be made. For example, if a weakness is spotted in quality standards, then it would be necessary to inform the packager so that these could be rectified immediately. Statistical process control: The use of mathematical and statistical control processes in the manufacture of products e. . by measuring quantities of fluid used in given processes, measuring quantities of materials used, etc. to ensure that inputs and outputs always meet specified quantitative standards. Supply chain: It is the chain of processes that links a manufacturer through a distributor to a customer. Total Quality Management: It is an approach that ensures quality at every stage of production, rather than just at the end of the production cycle. Transformed resources: They are resources, such as raw materials and information that are modified in the process of production by the transforming resources. Transforming resources: They are resources that are used to transform other inputs. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/transforming-resources. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 2 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/manufacturing-coca-cola. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 3 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/packaging. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 4 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. k/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/filling-the-cans. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 5 ]. http://asq. org/blog/2011/11/coca-colas-quality-culture/ [ 6 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/supply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 7 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/sup ply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 8 ]. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/coca-cola-just-in-time-case-study-page1. html [ 9 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/performance-feedback-to-canners-and-bottlers. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 How to cite Coca Cola – Organization Management, Papers

Lord Of The Flies Essays (814 words) - Fiction,

Lord Of The Flies Lord of the Flies Director Peter Brook based Lord of the Flies on the novel by William Golding. The film, released in 1963, is the tale of a group of upscale British schoolchildren who are being flown out of London to the supposed safety of the South Pacific before war erupts. Their airplane crashes and the lads are left to fend for themselves on a remote island. The storyline takes the boys from innocence to savagery. The film did not receive rave reviews from critics. ?The film version takes away some of the creative imagination that comes from reading the story, but its images are as shocking as one might imagine ? little boys turned into violent savages?(Webster, Apollo Guide). The reviews could be in part from the inexperience of the actors. ?The little boys were almost all non-actors whose parents volunteered them for the job out of respect for the book? (Webster, Apollo Guide). However, Peter Brook did an excellent job of depicting the possible outcome of the situation with which the children a re faced. This film shows human nature in its truest form. Society is faced with people who are vulnerable to others, those who are capable of making the right decisions, and some who feel the need to violate the rules. Piggy, portrayed by Hugh Edwards, is the most vulnerable character. At the beginning, he makes the mistake of divulging his nickname. Piggy seems to be intelligent and sensible, but lacking the confidence in himself to put it to use. Jack belittles Piggy throughout the film. He continuously calls him ?Fatty? and at one point slaps him in the face, which causes his glasses to break. Piggy's only hope is the friendship of Ralph, who betrayed him at the beginning, only to eventually become his best friend. Piggy never succumbed to the savagery of the others. In his last words, ?What is it better to be, a bunch of savages like you are, or sensible like Ralph is?, he proves that it is possible for someone to remain themselves and not succumb to the pressures of others. Piggy is the symbol of rationality and adult society. Ralph is the character who always tried the orderly approach. Throughout the film, he tried to care for the others and be the leader that the younger children needed. However, Ralph's leadership is doomed from the start. Jack's resentment of losing the election is evidence of the upcoming trouble that Ralph will face. He seems to notice signs of rebellion after the first pig roast. When the plane flew over and the fire was out, his encounter with Jack signaled the breakup of the group. Ralph's last appeal at civility came after Jack took the conch away from Piggy and Ralph said, ?You are breaking the rules. The rules are the only thing we got!? Ralph continued throughout the film to stand by Piggy and the younger children. Even after most of the children left his group, Ralph still had respect for their well being. Jack is the antagonist of the film. From the beginning, he is upset about losing the election and resents anyone who did not vote for him. He continues to act as if he is in charge. He continually belittles the other children and leads the older boys towards savagery. Jack eventually splits the group and forms his own ?tribe?. They paint themselves like savages and begin to chant and have warlike dances. Jack seems to become more violent as his power increases After Simon was killed, he defended the slaying by telling the others that it was the beast disguised as Simon. Jack seemed to have turned into a dictator toward the end of the film. He is shown having the smaller children whipped; his cruelty eventually led to the murderous search for Ralph. This film shows the viewer several different personalities, all of which are in our society. It shows the variety of people who are forced to live in the same world. ?Golding's novel is the sort of fable that could shock only those who believe in the onwardness of civilization, as some still did in those days. At the time of its publication (1954), attempts were